![]() For a few bucks a year, you can purchase your own domain and manage your own zone records which let the rest of the world know the IP addresses of the computers associated with your domain. ![]() Rather than one organization maintaining and updating a centralized database of all IP addresses and their associates names, it is the responsibility of the owners of each domain to create and update a "zone record" for the domains they have ownership of. Typing in long and not very memorable IP addresses is much more of a hassle than typing in an address made up of common letters and words. This makes the internet much more convenient to use. For example, the "" address meant for humans resolves to the IP address of "172.217.6.206," the number that computers use to "dial" google's website up. It's primary job is to "resolve," or look up, the IP address for a given human-readable internet address. Here's a very quick primer on the Domain Name System (DNS), a giant database distributed over millions of computers across the globe. Setting up a "split DNS" configuration on a Synology NAS for hosting websites To get more detail on the process of creating split brain or split horizon zones on DNS servers running Windows Server 2016 or Windows Server 2019, consult the following article. For example, to create a policy named SplitPolicy that directs clients that address the DNS server on the server interface 172.16.10.10 to the zone scope Internal for the zone, run the command:Īdd-DNSServerQueryResolutionPolicy -Name “SplitPolicy” -Action ALLOW -ServerInterface “eq,172.16.10.10” -ZoneScope “Internal,1” -ZoneName “” You create query resolution policies with the Add-DNSServerQueryResolutionPolicy cmdlet. Once this is done, create a policy that allows access to the internal scope only for queries originating on the internal network interface or client subnets. Usual practice is to place all records that should be available to clients on the public internet into the default zone scope and all records that should be available to internal clients in the internal scope. If the DNS server only has a single network adapter, you’ll need to use client subnets. ![]() If your DNS server has two network adapters, one of which is connected to a perimeter network and another which is connected to the internal network, network interface based policies are the best option. When you create a DNS policy, you can specify how clients are identified as internal on the basis of client IP address or the network adapter that the request arrives on. Once you have these two zone scopes, you then need to configure DNS policies, one to return records from DNS zone scope to be used by external clients, the other to return records from the DNS zone scope to be used by internal clients. When creating a DNS policy to implement split brain DNS, you need to first configure DNS zone scopes with one zone scope containing the host records that should be returned to an external client and another DNS zone scope containing host records that should be returned to internal clients. DNS Zone scopes allow you to create different subset collections of DNS zone records, with each zone supporting multiple zone scopes and DNS records being able to be members of multiple zone scopes. DNS policies allow you to customize DNS server responses based on the properties of the requestor. You can implement split brain DNS on Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server 2019 using two new features known as DNS policies and DNS Zone scopes. A DNS server on the perimeter network, or even hosted at the ISP, would host the version of the zone that returned hostnames with public IP addresses. A DNS server on an internal network would host a version of the zone that had all hostname mappings with the IP addresses that should be returned to internal clients. In the past, some organizations would deploy separate DNS servers hosting different copies of the same zone to achieve a split-brain configuration. For example, a DNS query for the host might return a public IP address result for a host on the internet and a private IP address for hosts on the organization’s internal network. Split-Brain or Split-Horizon DNS provides different information about the contents of a DNS zone based on the location that the DNS query originates. Organizations that use a public DNS zone name, such as, for their organization’s internal host names, perhaps even using it with their organization’s Active Directory instance, generally have to configure what is known as split-brain DNS. ![]()
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